EU v vrtnicah | The EU and Rose
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Miletska oziroma apotekarska roža
Država nastanka: Grčija
Vrtnice so bile v starem veku pomembne pri verskih obredih, pri krašenju ob svečanih priložnostih, za odišavljanje vina in za zdravljenje. Plinij starejši (23–79 našega štetja) se je v delu Naravoslovje razpisal tudi o vrtnicah. Naštel je dvanajst takrat najbolj priljubljenih sort vrtnic. Med njimi je bila miletska roža, »ki ima svetlo rdeč cvet in nima nikoli več kot ducat venčnih listkov«. Miletsko rožo je posebej pohvalil za sušenje, ker šele posušena močno zadiši.
Milet je bilo grško mesto na maloazijski obali Egejskega morja. Po imenu sklepamo, da je miletska vrtnica izvirala iz grškega Mileta.
V istem stoletju, kot je vrtnice popisal Plinij, je o zdravljenju z vrtnicami pisal Dioskurid. Zapustil je recept za pripravo olja iz vrtnic in vemo, da je zapisal, kako se uporabljajo posušeni rožni listki. Lek iz njih »ustavlja drisko, krvavo grižo, dolgotrajno menstruacijo in bolan želodec. Je tudi dobro zdravilo za oči.«
Dioskurid je o zdravilnih učinkih sklepal na podlagi lastnih opazovanj in poskusov, za kar je imel kot vojaški zdravnik več kot dovolj priložnosti in poskusnega materiala. Dioskuridovi nauki so ostali eden od poglavitnih virov za zdravljenje z zdravilnimi zelmi in njihovimi pripravki še ves srednji vek, v prevodih in priredbah tako rekoč do novega veka. Sklepamo, da je zdravljenje z vrtnicami v tem času neposredni nasledek starogrškega izročila, vključno z miletsko rožo, ki jo danes prepoznamo kot apotekarsko vrtnico (Rosa gallica ‘Officinalis’).
Vrtnica je del razstave EU v vrtnicah.
(ENGLISH)
The Rose of Miletus or Apothecary Rose
Country of origin: Ancient Greece
In ancient times, roses were important in religious rituals and were used as decorations in celebrations, to fragrance wine, and for healing. Plinius the Elder (23–79 AD) wrote about roses in his work Natural History. He listed the twelve most common roses at the time. Among them, he mentioned the Rose of Miletus, “with a bright red blossom and never more than a dozen petals in the crown.” He praised the Rose of Miletus as being especially good for drying, since it was only when dried that it developed a truly strong fragrance. Miletus was a Greek city on the coast of the Aegean Sea. Judging by the name, we can conjecture that the rose originated in Miletus.
In the same century that Plinius described them, Dioscorides wrote about the medical uses of roses. He left us a recipe for the extraction of rose oil and wrote about the use of dried rose petals. A concoction made of petals “stopped diarrhoea, dysentery, lengthy periods and an upset stomach. It is also an excellent cure for eyes.”
Dioscorides learned about these healing properties on the basis of his own observations and experiments, for which he had more than enough opportunities and material during his work as a war doctor. His teachings remained one of the main sources for healing with medicinal herbs and their preparations throughout the Middle Ages, or rather, due to their various translations and adaptations, until the Early Modern Period. It is believed that the medicinal use of roses at that time is the direct result of a transmission from ancient Greek tradition, including the use of the Rose of Miletus, also known as the Apothecary Rose (Rosa gallica ‘Officinalis’).
The rose variety is a part of the exhibition The EU and Rose.